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Caledonia
Caledonia is the Latin name given by the Romans to the land in today's Scotland north of their province of ''Britannia'', beyond the frontier of their empire. The etymology of the name is probably from a P-Celtic source. Its modern usage is as a romantic or poetic name for Scotland as a whole, comparable with Hibernia for Ireland and Britannia for the whole of Britain.
==Original usage==
The original use of the name, by Tacitus, Ptolemy, Lucan and Pliny the Elder, referred to the area (or parts of the area) later known as ''Pictavia'' or Pictland north of Hadrian's Wall in today's Scotland. The name may be related to that of a large central Pictish tribe, the ''Caledonii'', one amongst several in the area and perhaps the dominant tribe, which would explain the binomial Caledonia/Caledonii.
The name of the Caledonians may be found in toponymy, such as ''Dùn Chailleann'', the Scottish Gaelic word for the town of Dunkeld meaning "fort of the Caledonii", and possibly in that of the mountain ''Sìdh Chailleann'', the "fairy hill of the Caledonians".
According to ''Historia Brittonum'' the site of the seventh battle of the mythical Arthur was a forest in what is now Scotland, called ''Coit Celidon'' in early Welsh. Traces of such mythology have endured until today in Midlothian: near the town centre of Edinburgh stands an old volcanic mountain called Arthur's Seat.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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